Mannitol - Osmitrol

AVAILABLE FORMS:
Injections: 5%; 10%; 15%; 20%; 25%

INDICATIONS:

• Oliguria
• Reduction of Intraocular or ontracranial pressure
• Diuresis
• Irrigating solution (transurethral resection of prostate gland

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma.Induces diuresis because mannitol is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, facilitating excretion of water, and inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes .

ADVERSE REACTIONS
CNS: dizziness, headache, fatigue, vertigo, paresthesia, weakness, restlessness, drowsiness, anxiety, depression, nervousness, blurred vision.
CV: orthostatic hypotension, palpitations, vasculitis
GI: anorexia, nausea, epigastric distress, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, dry mouth
GU: nocturia, polyuria, impotence,
Hematologic: agranulocytosis, purpura
Hepatic: jaundice, hepatitis
Metabolic: hyperglycemia, fluid and electrolytes imbalances, volume deplation and dehydration
Musculoskeletal: muscle cramps
Skin: dermatitis, photosensitivity reations, rash, pruritus, urticaria

CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Contraindicated in patients hypersensitive to drug and in those with anuria, severe pulmonary congestion, frank pulmonary edema, severe heart failure, severe dehydration, metabolic edema progressive renal disease or dysfunctoin, or active intracranial beeding except during craniotomy.


ONSET OF ACTION:

Diuresis—1 to 3 hours.
Reduction in cerebrospinal and intraocular fluid pressure—Within 15 minutes after start of infusion.