METFORMIN Hydrochloride

BRAND NAMES:
Fortamet, Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza, Riomet

AVAILABLE FORMS:
Tablets: 500mg; 850mg; 1000mg
Tablets ( extended-release): 500mg

INDICATIONS:
Adjunct to diet to lower glucose level in patients with type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus

ADVERSE REACTIONS:
GI: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating, flatulence, anorexia, unpleasant or metallic taste
Hematologic: megaloblastic anemia
Metabolic: lactic acidosis

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Decreases hepatic glucose production and intestinal absorption of glucose and improves insulin sensitivity (increases peripheral glucose uptake and utilization).

CONTRAINDICATIONS:
Contraindicated with hypersensitivity to drug and in those with renal disease or metabolic acidosis.

EFFECTS ON LAB TEST RESULT:
May decrease hemoglobin levels.

NURSING CONSIDERATION:
1. FDA pregnancy category B. This medication is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment.
2. Take metformin with a meal, unless your doctor tells you otherwise. Some forms of metformin are taken only once daily with the evening meal. Follow your doctor's instructions.
3. Stop drug immediately and notify prescriber if patient develops a condition related to hypoxemia or dehydration.
4. Avoid drinking alcohol.